This article discusses a comprehensive review of biomass energy sources, environment and sustainable development. This includes all the biomass energy technologies, energy efficiency systems, energy conservation scenarios, and energy savings. The current literature is reviewed regarding the ecological, social, cultural and economic impacts of biomass technology. This article gives an overview of present and future use of biomass as an industrial feedstock for production of fuels, chemicals and other materials. However, to be truly competitive in an open market situation, higher value products are required. Results suggest that biomass technology must be encouraged, promoted, invested, implemented, and demonstrated, but especially in remote rural areas.

This study examined the profit efficiency in cassava production with a view to isolating significant factors leading to variation in farm-specific profit inefficiencies among cassava producers, using Southwestern Nigeria as a case study. Cross sectional data obtained from 109 representative samples of cassava producers with the aid of structured questionnaire supplemented with oral interview were analyzed by the use of descriptive statistics to explain the socio-economic characteristics of the cassava producers and stochastic frontier profit function to estimate profit efficiency of cassava producers in the study area. Results showed that about 51% of cassava producers had formal education; about 50% had more than ten years of farming experience while the average age, household size and farm size of the respondents stood at 46 years, 8 people and 3 hectares respectively. Result of the analysis further showed that the profit efficiencies of the farmers ranged between 20% and 91%, while the mean level of profit efficiency was 79% which suggested that an estimated 21% loss in profit was due to a combination of both technical and allocative inefficiencies. The study further showed that household size and farm size were the major significant factors which influenced profit efficiency positively. The study concluded that there is scope for increasing profit efficiency in cassava production by directing policy focus on these profit efficiency factors.